Functions

Lesson 6

Math

Unit 4

8th Grade

Lesson 6 of 12

Objective


Identify properties of functions represented in graphs.

Common Core Standards


Core Standards

  • 8.F.A.1 — Understand that a function is a rule that assigns to each input exactly one output. The graph of a function is the set of ordered pairs consisting of an input and the corresponding output. Function notation is not required in Grade 8.
  • 8.F.B.4 — Construct a function to model a linear relationship between two quantities. Determine the rate of change and initial value of the function from a description of a relationship or from two (x, y) values, including reading these from a table or from a graph. Interpret the rate of change and initial value of a linear function in terms of the situation it models, and in terms of its graph or a table of values.

Foundational Standards

  • 7.RP.A.2.B
  • 7.RP.A.2.D

Criteria for Success


  1. Find a rate of change of a function represented in a graph.
  2. Find the initial value of a function represented in a graph.
  3. Interpret inputs and outputs of graphs in context (MP.2).
  4. Determine if a set of ordered pairs from a graph represent a function.

Tips for Teachers


In this lesson, students further their analysis of a function graph to find rate of change and initial value. In seventh grade, students found the constant of proportionality in proportional graphs. This lesson prepares students to compare functions across multiple representations in upcoming lessons in this unit, and to determine slope of linear functions in Unit 5. 

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Anchor Problems


Problem 1

The graph below shows the amount of money on a subway card as a function of the number of subway rides taken. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow.

a.   After 2 rides, how much money is on the card?

b.   After 4 rides, how much money is on the card?

c.   Interpret point $$P$$ in context of the situation. 

d.   At what rate is the money on the card changing for each ride taken?

e.   How much money did the card initially have on it?

Guiding Questions

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References

Open Up Resources Teacher Version: Grade 8 Unit 5 Lesson 44.4 Cool Down

Teacher Version: Grade 8 Unit 5 Lesson 4 is made available by Open Up Resources under the CC BY 4.0 license. Copyright © 2017 Open Up Resources. Download for free at openupresources.org. Accessed Nov. 3, 2017, 11:39 a.m..

Modified by Fishtank Learning, Inc.

Problem 2

In a laboratory, a scientist is tracking the temperature of a substance over time. Each hour, she takes the temperature and records it in the graph shown below.

a.   What is the rate of change of the substance’s temperature, in °F per hour, between 12 PM and 3 PM? 

b.   What is the rate of change of the substance’s temperature, in °F per hour, between 7 PM and 9 PM?

c.   What is the starting temperature of the substance?

d.   Does it appear that the temperature of the substance is a function of the time of day? Why or why not?

Guiding Questions

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Problem 3

The ordered pairs below are from a graph, which is not shown. Based on the ordered pairs, determine if the graph is a function.

$${(3,4)}$$   $${(2,5)}$$   $${(1,6)}$$   $${(0,7)}$$   $${(1,8)}$$

Guiding Questions

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Problem Set

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Target Task


The graph below shows the population of the United States over time using data from the U.S. Census Buraeu.

a.   Approximately what was the population of the United States in 2010, 2012, and 2014?

b.   Approximately when did the population of the United States pass 310 million people?

c.   Between 2012 and 2014, what was the rate of change of the population in the United States?

d.   Describe the relationship as a function.

Student Response

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References

U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division Website: Annual Estimates of the Residential Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016

Annual Estimates of the Residential Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016 is made available by the U.S. Census Bureau. Accessed Oct. 31, 2017, 3:51 p.m..

Additional Practice


The following resources include problems and activities aligned to the objective of the lesson that can be used for additional practice or to create your own problem set.

  • Include images of graphs, and ask students to 
    • Find outputs based on inputs (and vice versa).
    • Find a rate of change (in general for linear relationships, or between two given inputs for a nonlinear relationship).
    • Find an initial value (if relevant).
    • Contexts for graphs could include distance traveled over time, speed over time, temperature over time, costs over time, etc.
  • Include examples of lists of coordinate points and ask students to determine if the relationship represents a function.
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Lesson 5

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Lesson 7

Lesson Map

A7CB09C2-D12F-4F55-80DB-37298FF0A765

Topic A: Defining Functions

Topic B: Representing and Interpreting Functions

Topic C: Comparing Functions

Topic D: Describing and Drawing Graphs of Functions

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