Multiplication and Division of Fractions

Lesson 18

Math

Unit 5

5th Grade

Lesson 18 of 25

Objective


Interpret multiplication as scaling.

Common Core Standards


Core Standards

  • 5.NF.B.5 — Interpret multiplication as scaling (resizing), by:
  • 5.NF.B.5.A — Comparing the size of a product to the size of one factor on the basis of the size of the other factor, without performing the indicated multiplication.
  • 5.NF.B.5.B — Explaining why multiplying a given number by a fraction greater than 1 results in a product greater than the given number (recognizing multiplication by whole numbers greater than 1 as a familiar case); explaining why multiplying a given number by a fraction less than 1 results in a product smaller than the given number; and relating the principle of fraction equivalence a/b = (n×a)/(n×b) to the effect of multiplying a/b by 1.

Foundational Standards

  • 4.NF.A.1
  • 3.OA.A.1
  • 3.OA.A.2
  • 4.OA.A.1
  • 4.OA.A.2

Criteria for Success


  1. Compare the size of a product to the size of one factor on the basis of the size of the other factor, without performing the indicated multiplication (MP.2).
  2. Explain why multiplying a given number by a fraction greater than 1 results in a product greater than the given number, recognizing multiplication by whole numbers greater than 1 as a familiar case (MP.3).
  3. Explain why multiplying a given number by a fraction less than 1 results in a product smaller than the given number (MP.3).
  4. Relate the principle of fraction equivalence $${{{a\over b}}={{(n\times a)}\over{(n\times b)}}}$$ to the effect of multiplying $${a\over b}$$ by 1. 
  5. Use this understanding of multiplication as scaling to find a solution to an equation with a missing value that would result in a product that is greater than, less than, or equal to one of the factors. 
  6. Use this understanding of multiplication as scaling to compare two or three quantities in a real-world context.

Tips for Teachers


  • You might decide to split this lesson over two days, depending on how students have been doing with this kind of reasoning in previous lessons, like Lesson 6’s, Lesson 11's, and Lesson 16’s Anchor Tasks #4. If you do split it over two days, you could use Anchor Tasks #1 and #2 as well as #1-4 of the Problem Set and Homework on the first day, and then Anchor Task #3 as well as the remaining pages of the Problem Set and Homework on the second day (among other possibilities). 
  • “The understanding of multiplication as scaling is an important opportunity for students to reason abstractly (MP.2)” (NF Progression, p. 19).
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Anchor Tasks


Problem 1

Luke had a calculator that will only display numbers less than or equal to $$999,999,999$$. Which of the following products will his calculator display? Explain.

a.  $$792 \times 999,999,999$$

b.  $$\frac{1}{2} \times 999,999,999$$

c.  $$\frac{15}{4} \times 999,999,999$$

d.  $$2\frac{1}{3} \times 999,999,999$$

e.  $$\frac{8}{8} \times 999,999,999$$

Guiding Questions

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References

Illustrative Mathematics Calculator Trouble

Calculator Trouble, accessed on April 25, 2018, 5:11 p.m., is licensed by Illustrative Mathematics under either the CC BY 4.0 or CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. For further information, contact Illustrative Mathematics.

Modified by Fishtank Learning, Inc.

Problem 2

For which values of $$n$$ would the product of $$\frac{n}{4}\times\frac{2}{3}$$ be less than $$\frac{2}{3}$$? Greater than $$\frac{2}{3}$$? Equal to $$\frac{2}{3}$$?

Guiding Questions

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Problem 3

Cai, Mark, and Jen were raising money for a school trip.

  • Cai collected $${2{1\over2}}$$ times as much as Mark.
  • Mark collected $${{2\over3}}$$ as much as Jen.

Who collected the most? Who collected the least? Explain.

Guiding Questions

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References

Illustrative Mathematics Fundraising

Fundraising, accessed on April 25, 2018, 5:16 p.m., is licensed by Illustrative Mathematics under either the CC BY 4.0 or CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. For further information, contact Illustrative Mathematics.

Problem Set


Answer Keys

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Discussion of Problem Set

  • Look at #2. How could you tell which product was larger without doing the multiplication involved? 
  • What was your thought process for solving #2? How did you know what to put for the missing numerator or denominator? 
  • In #3, did you notice a relationship between parts (a), (b), and (c)? How did you solve them? 
  • What did you get for #5? Is there more than one correct answer? How many possible correct answers are there?
  • Look at #6. How could you tell who had more dimes even though you weren’t told the exact number of dimes either of them had? 
  • Look at #8. Were you able to solve this without computing anything? If you did have to compute some products, which ones did you have to compute? Why?
  • Look at #9. Who ran faster? How do you know? What makes this question different from the others in the Problem Set? 
  • Look at #11. For what values does Ellen’s argument work? For what values does it not work?

Target Task


Problem 1

Describe the relationship between $$a$$ and $$5$$ that will make the value of the expression $${a\over5}\times9$$ greater than $$9$$.

Problem 2

Describe the relationship between $$x$$ and $$y$$ that will make the value of the expression $${x\over y}\times9$$ greater than $$9$$.

Student Response

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Additional Practice


The Extra Practice Problems can be used as additional practice for homework, during an intervention block, etc. Daily Word Problems and Fluency Activities are aligned to the content of the unit but not necessarily to the lesson objective, therefore feel free to use them anytime during your school day.

Extra Practice Problems

Answer Keys

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Word Problems and Fluency Activities

Word Problems and Fluency Activities

Help students strengthen their application and fluency skills with daily word problem practice and content-aligned fluency activities.

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Lesson 17

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Lesson 19

Lesson Map

A7CB09C2-D12F-4F55-80DB-37298FF0A765

Topic A: Fractions as Division

Topic B: Multiplying a Fraction by a Whole Number

Topic C: Multiplying a Fraction by a Fraction

Topic D: Multiplying with Mixed Numbers

Topic E: Dividing with Fractions

Topic F: Fraction Expressions and Real-World Problems

Topic G: Line Plots

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